The wireless network is a crucial component in the economy and social life today. In addition to voice service, text messaging is a service that is very often used by customers. Also in line with the changing times, many telecommunications companies to expand its SMS service can be accessed in addition to the internal network which is a cellular network but also utilize the internet network, so users can use Internet interface to use the SMS service. a. Overview SMS or Cellular Network Each cellular network using a variety of different technologies such as GSM and CDMA, so any technology implementing different operational procedures described in this paper we will look at the procedures that are similar to the GSM network operational procedures on CDMA, the technology most widely used today.
b. Message There are two methods to send text messages to mobile devices. 1. Using a mobile device 2. Using ESMEs (External Short Messaging entities). Send a text message using a mobile device itself is a standard way most often used by users, therefore we only discuss the second way. ESMEs is a term to indicate a variety of devices and interfaces ranging from email applications, web-based SMS portals, layana voice mail, paging systems, and applications software. ESMEs connected with a mobile telephone network via the Internet or other special points, the previous message is sent first to a server that manages the SMS traffic is also called the SMSC (Short Messaging Service Center). A service provider that supports sending text messages must have at least one SMSC in their network. But along with growth in popularity of SMS services via the Internet, the service providers are encouraged to have more than one SMSC in order to enhance service capacity.
c. Message Routing (Routing)
SMSC needs to determine the path to send text messages so that messages can be received by mobile devices. SMSC database menquery Home Location Register (HLR) which contains user data, the subscriber information (info that contains the call waiting, and text messaging), billing data, availability of user (whether the message can be up or not) and location of the user. Through interactions with elements of other networks, the HLR determines the information needed to route to your destination. If the SMSC receives a reply that the user is not able to receive messages, then the text messages stored in server and will be sent to another time. Or messages that contain address information will be sent Mobile Switcing Center (MSC) SMS service provider. Unlike previous applications to perform call routing based on the HLC, the MSC is responsible for facilitating the authentication of mobile devices, base stations based on location management. MSC act as gateways to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). When a text message to the SMSC, MSC retrieve information specific to the target device. MSC then perform a database query to the Visitor Location Register, which will restore the information from the destination device when such devices are beyond the reach of HLR. After that MSC will forward the message to the base station to transmit messages through the medium of air.
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